Why Does Cervical Cancer Occur? Understand the Causes and How to Prevent It!

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Why Does Cervical Cancer Occur? Understand the Causes and How to Prevent It!

December 11, 2024 by Fathimah Zahro

Cervical cancer, or cancer of the cervix, is one of the most common cancers affecting women, particularly in developing countries. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. However, did you know that this cancer can actually be prevented through early detection and lifestyle changes? Below is a comprehensive overview of the causes of cervical cancer and ways to prevent it.

Causes of Cervical Cancer

The main cause of cervical cancer is an infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a virus that infects the skin and mucous membranes, including the cervix. There are over 100 types of HPV, but types 16 and 18 most commonly lead to cervical cancer. HPV can spread through sexual contact, making sexually active women, especially those with multiple partners, more vulnerable to infection. Other risk factors include:

Early sexual activity (under 18 years old): At a young age, cervical cells are immature and more susceptible to chemicals introduced by sperm.
Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system, making HPV infections more likely to develop. Studies show that female smokers have a higher risk of cervical cancer.
Weakened immune system: Women with compromised immunity, such as those with HIV/AIDS or on immunosuppressants, are at greater risk of cervical cancer.
Multiple pregnancies: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase susceptibility to HPV or the growth of cancer cells.
Long-term contraceptive use: Using oral contraceptives for over five years can alter hormones and increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Irregular screening: Women who rarely undergo HPV testing or Pap smears risk missing abnormal cervical cell changes.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

In its early stages, cervical cancer often presents no symptoms, making medical screenings essential for detection. In advanced stages, symptoms may include:

Abnormal bleeding outside menstrual cycles or after intercourse.
Pain in the pelvic area or during intercourse.
Vaginal discharge with an unusual odor or mixed with blood.
Unexplained weight loss.

If you experience these symptoms, don’t panic! Consult a doctor immediately, as these signs can also result from other conditions. Stay vigilant because cervical cancer can arise at any time.

Preventing Cervical Cancer

Although cervical cancer is a serious threat, steps can be taken to reduce the risk:

1. HPV Vaccination

Highly effective in preventing HPV infections, especially for adolescents who are not yet sexually active. Vaccines protect against high-risk HPV types like 16 and 18 and are typically given between ages 9 and 14. Women up to age 26 can also receive the vaccine.

2. Cervical Cancer Screening

Regular screening detects cellular changes in the cervix before they develop into cancer. HPV DNA tests are more accurate, detecting high-risk HPV earlier than other methods and are recommended by WHO as the primary approach for early detection.

3. Avoid Smoking

Healthy food, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking boost immunity, helping the body fight infections, including HPV.

4. Healthy Sexual Relationships

Since cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease, practicing safe sex, using protection, avoiding multiple partners, and engaging in intercourse at a mature age reduce the risk of HPV exposure.

New Technology for Cervical Cancer Screening

Advances in technology have revolutionized cervical cancer detection. The PathoScan hrHPV qPCR Kit is a cutting-edge innovation utilizing PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology for direct HPV detection. This screening method excels in sensitivity, detecting HPV infections in their earliest stages—even before symptoms emerge.

With the PathoScan hrHPV qPCR Kit, early cervical cancer detection is more accessible and accurate compared to other methods. This innovation aims to raise awareness and improve access to effective HPV screening for women.

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